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- Mangistau region
NEWS
Geography
Mangystau region is situated in the South-Western Kazakhstan and occupies area of 165.6 thousand square km. Caspian depression is located in the Oblast Northern part holding Zheltau (221 m in height) and Munsayalmas (148 m in height) mountains, sandy massifs (Karakum, Sam and others), vast salines (Olykoltyk, Kaydak, Karatuley and others) and Bozashi peninsula. Mangystau peninsula and Karakiya (-132 m under the Baltic Sea level) - the deepest concave in CIS countries are located in its central part. Kenderly-Kayasanskoye Plato is located in the South-West, Karynzharyk concave – in the South, Usturt Plato – in the East.
Mangystau Oblast area by bioclimatic conditions can be described as desert zone with grey-brown soils. Alkaline lands solonetz, sors are widely spread throughout the Oblast territory. Sands cover vast areas.
The Oblast capital - Aktau city which is a seaport at Caspian Sea founded in 1963. Total occupied area is 165.6 thousand square km (6% of Kazakhstan’s total territory).
The climate is severely continental, extremely droughty. The average temperature in January – minus 4 -9° С, in July – plus 25 -29° С. Annual amount of precipitation is 100 – 150 mm.
Most part of the area is occupied with wormwood - salt-marsh desert with shrubs growth spots on brown soils: surface is partially covered by salt-marshes, takyr-like solonetz and sands with extremely rare greenery. Mangystau population number as of 01.12.2006 was 373.4 thousand people or 2.4% of Kazakhstan’s total population and includes over 80 nationalities. The Oblast economy positive sustainable development favors population annual natural growth; besides re-emigration process into Mangystau became more active.
The Oblast urbane population is 283.2 thousand people or 75.9% of the Oblast total population.
The population density is 2.2 people per 1 square km whereas for the entire Republic this index is 6 people per square km at average.
The Oblast population ethnical composition is various and diverse, about 90 nationalities and small nations live here including Ukraines, Tatars, Germans and others. Kazakhs being the original population of the Oblast make up 74% and Russians – 17%.
Factors of natural and migration processes affect the Oblast demographical situation. Population natural increase is featured by slight decrease during recent years which is connected to birth rate reduction tendency.
Immigration inflows are formed by mostly at the expense of neighboring countries such as Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldova. The basic motive for immigration is settling by national and state formations. In the most cases Kazakhs arrive from CIS countries. Among arrived in the Oblast immigrants Kazakhs make up – 84.8%, Russians -9.1%|, Azerbaijanis – 1.2%).
According to the pursued in Kazakhstan policy for encouraging Oralmans-Kazakhs to repatriate who live abroad to their original fatherland repatriates from far foreign countries keep arriving from Islamic Republic of Iran. During recent years over 700 families of repatriates have moved to the Oblast acquiring housing, allowances and free education.
